site image

    • How is life oecd.

  • How is life oecd PISA is the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment. Mathias Cormann, Secretary-General of the OECD, delivered remarks to launch the OECD Skills Outlook 2021 "Learning for Life", on 15 June 2021. Analysis draws from the latest comparable official national statistics and other sources. The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reviews the extent to which students near the end of their compulsory education (usually around age 15) have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in modern societies Jun 15, 2021 · Mr. The same type of calculation will be automatically applied to all other countries and economies in the Dashboard. The focus of this working paper is on how secondary schools can optimise young people’s preparation for adult employment at a time of extreme labour market turbulence. Life expectancy at birth in Australia stands at 83 years, two years above the OECD average of 81 years. Nonetheless, at just above 75 years life expectancy, Mexico falls six years below the OECD average of 81 years, and shows the lowest life expectancy in the OECD. ENV/JM/MONO(2015)32 4 About the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 35 industrialised countries in North and South America, Europe Life expectancy at birth in Germany stands just above 81 years, in line with the OECD average. Life expectancy at birth is the average lifespan a newborn can be expected to live, assuming that age-specific mortality levels remain constant. How’s Life? 2024 - Well-being and Resilience in Times of Crisis, the 6th edition of the How's Life? report series, provides a compass to understand how well OECD governments are navigating these interconnected challenges. Most OECD countries have enjoyed large gains in life expectancy over the past decades, thanks to improvements in living conditions, public health interventions and progress in medical care. This report analyses the status quo of the Finnish continuous learning system for adults, highlights its key challenges This paper reports on trends in life expectancy in the 28 EU countries and some other high-income OECD countries, and examines potential explanations for the slowdown in improvements in recent years. Life satisfaction is not evenly shared across the OECD however. The OECD advises referring to the Hows Life - Well-being database for a view over time. The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) does more than assess what students know. It shows that children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to experience poor material outcomes, poor health, and worse education, as well as poorer social and emotional outcomes. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors (such as living standards, lifestyles, education and environmental factors have an impact on life expectancy). This report presents a synthesis of publicly available information on perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), with the aim of elucidating the identities of PFPEs on the global market and analysing their life cycle. OECD 113 and similar Shelf life and Accelerating aging tests are commonly performed for Personal Care Products, Pet Care Products, Fuels and Pesticides. Growing awareness of plastic pollution has steered public opinion and paved the way for stronger policy interventions. PISA measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges. Life satisfaction measures how people evaluate their life as a whole rather than their current feelings. 2 Launch of the OECD Economic Outlook 2025. Finding a suitable balance between work and daily living is a challenge that all workers face. Potential years of life lost is a summary measure of premature mortality, providing an explicit way of weighting deaths occurring at younger ages, which may be preventable. OECD Inventory of How was life in 1820, and how has it changed since then? This question, which was at the core of How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820, published by the OECD in 2014, is addressed by this second volume based on a broader perspective. About OECD About About the organisation. In terms of health, life expectancy at birth in the United States is around 79 years, two years lower than the OECD average of 81 years. 5 for men and 61. Average pensionable age in OECD countries dropped by nearly two years during the second half of the 20th century to 62. factors such as test scores, grade point averages, and educational attainment, is often considered a . This fifth edition of the OECD’s How’s Life? report charts whether life is getting better for people in 37 OECD countries and 4 partner countries, and presents the latest evidence from an updated set of over 80 well-being indicators. It will also give an orientation on key aspects connected to such releases that need to be considered in an exposure assessment. How’s Life? assesses whether life is getting better for people living in OECD countries and whether progress has been sustainable and inclusive. How’s Life? describes the essential ingredients that shape people’s well-being in OECD and partner countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the organisation or of the governments of its member countries This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. Join the WISE Centre for the launch of its new report How's Life for Children in the Digital Age? The test method described in this Test Guideline, is intended to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the early life stages of the species tested. Includes measurements on health, education , life satisfaction and the environment among many more. The report features a special chapter on fertility trends which discusses evidence from recent OECD analysis on the effect of labour market outcomes, housing costs and different Engagement and performance in mathematics at the upper secondary level have been the concern of successive governments in England. The analysis shows that Indian cities must prioritise measures that shift private vehicle Lifelong learning is key if individuals are to succeed in labour markets and societies shaped by megatrends such as increases in life expectancy, rapid technological changes, globalisation, migration, environmental changes and digitalisation, as well as sudden shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. The data shown below are the current rankings per country and topic for the year 2020. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Evidence that cardiovascular disease is contributing to the slowdown in improvements in life expectancy in some OECD countries prompted OECD and The King’s Fund to convene an international workshop to examine this issue. How teenagers (i) think about their futures in work and what they do to (ii) explore and Life expectancy at birth in Canada stands at 82 years, one year above the OECD average of 81 years. Of course this is a small share of the world’s population – so why not share your vision of a better life and help us reach 150 000 (or even more) by the end of 2016. A quick look at well-being throughout OECD regions. Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. By determining the economic benefits of reduced mortality risk, OECD analyses can be used in cost-benefit analyses to help policymakers develop regulations on air quality, traffic safety and health. In this final volume of the PISA 2022 initial report, Volume V: Learning Strategies and Attitudes for Life takes a deep Launch of the OECD Economic Outlook 2025. Finland’s skill development system must get future-ready. The ability to successfully combine work, family commitments and personal life is important for the well-being of all members in a household. Thermal Analysis: samples are heated up to a final temperature in a defined test atmosphere; the weight change of the sample or quantities of heat absorbed or given off is measured and recoded. Organisational structure This first OECD review of the reconciliation of work and family life looks at the challenges parents of young children confront when trying to square their work and care commitments, and the implications for social and labour market trends. The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. The 2020 How's Life? report shows the latest data on well-being from an updated set of over 80 indicators for OECD countries and 4 partner countries. As these technologies are increasingly integrated into everyday life, it is crucial to raise awareness on their positive and negative impacts which are reviewed in this paper. It addresses criticisms of the OECD framework for SES used by the This report presents the OECD analytical framework for measuring well-being at the regional level, as well as internationally comparable indicators on 9 well-being dimensions for 362 regions across 34 OECD countries. While innovations like AI in healthcare and assistive devices empower individuals and improve access, they also The pensionable age is the most visible parameter of retirement-income systems. It examines the existing barriers to women’s access to public decision-making positions, and provides a cross-country assessment of current instruments and institutions. Achieving global climate goals requires addressing whole life carbon emissions of buildings, encompassing both operational and embodied carbon—the often-overlooked emissions generated before residents even set foot in their buildings. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the oecD. The slowdown in improvements in life expectancy since 2011 has been greatest in the USA, where life expectancy has fallen in recent years, and the UK, but France, Germany, Sweden and Netherlands Life satisfaction. org - Data Pages. The report features a special chapter on fertility trends which discusses evidence from recent OECD analysis on the effect of labour market outcomes, housing costs and different Society at a Glance 2024: OECD Social Indicators, the tenth edition of the biennial OECD overview of social indicators, addresses the growing demand for quantitative evidence on social well-being and its trends. How’s Life? 2024 is the OECD’s flagship publication on the state of well-being for people, the planet, and future generations. It presents additional results on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term. By reviewing academic analysis of national longitudinal datasets, it is possible to identify indicators of comparative adult success. How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, launched by the Organization on the occasion of its 50th Anniversary. 3-4 June 2025. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has a long tradition of work on social indicators and quality of life. 7. These early well-being inequalities are rooted in When considering new policy that improves human health and well-being, regulators must also estimate their costs. Launch of the OECD Economic Outlook 2025. About. Skill shortages in the Finnish labour market are increasingly apparent and there are growing concerns about the supply of higher-level skills, given demographic change and stagnating educational attainment levels. Globally, once controlled for individual characteristics, life satisfaction in cities is slightly higher than in rural areas, although the difference decreases Today's children are growing up in a rapidly evolving digital world, where digital media play an important role in their daily lives. Each topic is given a score calculated from the indices used to create the topic group, you can find the raw data on the OECD Better Life Index website. org ). The OECD provides data and evidence-based analysis on supporting research and innovation and fostering policies that promote responsible innovation and technology governance for resilient and • Dashboard (e. Health spending is the final consumption of health care goods and services including personal health care and collective services. OECD Secretary-General. Successful education and skills policies can empower individuals to reach their full potential and enjoy the fruits of their labour, regardless of their circumstances at birth. It focuses on the life cycle of SCFPs, including production and use, presence of other PFASs in the commercial Two-thirds of pension reforms in OECD countries in the last 15 years contain measures that will automatically link future pensions to changes in life expectancy. Today it is one of 38 OECD Members. Digital technologies are reshaping our lives, with significant impacts on personal and societal well-being. The world is producing twice as much plastic waste as two decades ago, with the bulk of it ending up in landfill, incinerated or leaking into the environment, and only 9% successfully recycled, according to a new OECD report. This paper discusses how a distribution This publication helps policy makers to better understand annuity products and the guarantees they provide in order to optimise the role that these products can play in financing retirement. Download user data OECD Better Life Index This report provides an overview of existing scientific and technical information on side-chain fluorinated polymers (SCFPs), focusing on their identities and life cycle, and with a particular goal to map the existing landscape and highlight critical knowledge and data gaps. g. To understand whether policies are improving lives we need to look "beyond GDP" and consider a broader range of economic, social and environmental The OECD Better Life Index, created in May 2011 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, is an initiative pioneering the development of economic indicators which better capture multiple dimensions of economic and social progress. Skills are vital for building resilient economies and societies. Life expectancy for women is 81 years, compared with 76 for men. This paper contributes to the Innovative approaches to measuring social and emotional skills project, which aims to complement self-report measures of SES with more direct assessments. How we work. The resulting summary happy life index score for that country will be determined as follows: (Weight AP *AP score + Weight PW * PW score)/Sum of Weights=(3*10 + 5*2)/8=5. On average in the United States, girls outperformed boys by 5 points, as the average OECD gap. This paper studies these weights by analysing the responses given by close to 130 000 users since 2011 to date. This publication describes the workshop proceedings and The OECD Better Life Index is an interactive composite index that aggregates average measures of country’s well-being outcomes through weights defined by users. This paper presents findings from the first large-scale quality of life perception survey The OECD Better Life Index is an interactive composite index that aggregates average measures of country’s well-being outcomes through weights defined by users. [10] This report looks at the most important aspects that shape people’s lives and well-being: income, jobs, housing, health, work and life-balance, education, social connections, civic engagement Nov 13, 2024 · assesses whether life is getting better for people living in OECD countries and whether progress has been sustainable and inclusive. While the need to provide adequate infrastructure, create high quality jobs and manage pollution in fast growing cities has been well studied, these studies say little about subjective quality of city life. This report provides a comparative overview of the policies affecting women’s participation in public life across the MENA region. By helping individuals develop a diverse range of skills and empowering them to apply these skills effectively, skills policies play a crucial role in responding to emerging threats, such as environmental degradation and harmful applications of technologies used to collect, generate, and exchange information. First, to investigate the factors shaping users’ preferences over a set of 11 well-being Jun 15, 2021 · Mr. This book explores the impact of education and learning on our societies and lives and examines what countries are doing to provide education and training to support people throughout their lives. International co-operation on science, technology and innovation pushes the knowledge frontier and accelerates progress towards tackling shared global challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people’s lives? How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by How’s Life? charts the promises and pitfalls for people’s well-being in 35 OECD countries and 6 partner countries. Alongside indicator-by One of the most striking, long-term trends in the labour market has been the increase in the proportion of parents at work. 1 for women. 3 June 2025. Invitees included members of OECD’s Health Care Quality and Outcomes Working Party and five international experts. This paper assesses differences in life satisfaction along the urban-rural continuum in 111 countries across all world regions. It focuses specifically on the proportions of students who answer questions correctly across a range of difficulty. This document is a complement to the Guidance Document on Emission Scenario Documents (ESDs) and aims to help writers of ESDs to identify whether emissions during service-life may be of importance and therefore need to be included. . Legislation already in place will increase it almost to 65 This second edition of How’s Life? provides an update on the most important aspects that shape people’s lives and well-being: income, jobs, housing, health, work-life balance, education, social connections, civic engagement and governance, environment, personal security and subjective well-being. However, the Better Life Index relies only on aggregate country-level indicators, and hence is insensitive to how multi-dimensional well-being outcomes are distributed within countries. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, people on average across the OECD gave it a 6. Based The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. Jun 4, 2023 · opportunities and a better quality of life (OECD, 2020). This OECD report, Zero-Carbon Buildings in Cities: A Whole Life-Cycle Approach, brings whole life carbon to the forefront of the decarbonisation agenda. This thematic report is the culmination of the OECD’s first comparative education policy focus on physical and health education in school systems around the world. It also identifies differences between the approaches of various groups, including male and female students, and those from more and less advantaged backgrounds. Life expectancy at 65 years old is the average number of years that a person at that age can be expected to live, assuming that age-specific mortality levels remain constant. Learning Mathematics for Life examines the link between the PISA test requirements and student performance. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to five concentrations of the test chemical The United States was one of the 20 founding member countries that signed the Convention of the OECD in 1960. COVID-19 and Well-being: Life in the Pandemic explores the immediate implications of the pandemic for people’s lives and livelihoods in OECD countries. This paper surveys pensionable ages in the OECD for a period of a century: back to 1950 and forward to 2050. While end-of-life care services help improve quality of life through relieving pain and other symptoms, currently, there are substantial gaps in the provision of services. This edition of the This score is higher than the OECD average of 488. About OECD About The Better Life Index was introduced by the OECD as a tool to chart the multi-dimensional well-being of OECD member countries, Brazil and the Russian Federation. One of the other pillars of the OECD Better Life Initiative is the Your Better Life Standards and guidelines for development co-operation with concrete examples of their implementation Equitable educational opportunities can help to promote long-lasting, inclusive economic growth and social cohesion. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach offers insights into how policy choices affect greenhouse gas emissions throughout vehicle and infrastructure development and use. Mexico joined the OECD in 1994, becoming the Organisation’s 25th member country and its third from North America. The report offers policy makers a fine-grained analysis of which particular learner characteristics are prevalent in different countries. Education systems around the world are increasingly recognising that social and emotional skills (SES) are essential for students and societies. Jan 1, 2003 · Knowledge and Skills for Life: First Results from PISA 2000 (OECD, 2001), PISA 2000 T echnical Repor t (OECD , 2002 a ) and the PISA Web site ( www . However, they also pose risks, including problematic or excessive use of digital media Jun 3, 2018 · Taking a broader view of transition outcomes than many previous comparative studies, this study reveals the complex and many-faceted national institutional arrangements that can result in successful transitions to working life. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors have an impact on life expectancy (such as living standards The OECD Centre for Skills supports countries to achieve better economic and social outcomes by providing advice on the development of skills throughout life and their effective use of skills in the economy and society. Come va la vita? L’Italia consegue buoni risultati in alcuni aspetti del benessere rispetto agli altri Paesi esaminati nel Better Life Index, L’Italia si colloca al di sopra della media in termini di salute, equilibrio lavoro-vita privata e impegno civile, mentre si colloca al di sotto della media in termini di reddito, occupazione, istruzione, qualità ambientale, relazioni sociali e The number of people living in African cities is expected to double over the next two decades. Japan enjoys one of the highest life expectancies among OECD countries at just above 84 years, three years above the OECD average of 81 years. OECD Ministerial Council Meeting 2025. Conducted under the auspices of the OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 project as part of the International Curriculum Analysis, this report presents new insights into the physical education curriculum in 18 countries and The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors have an impact on life expectancy (such as living standards How prepared are students for life-long learning? Students learn many things at school, but one of the most crucial is learning how to learn. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors have an impact on life expectancy (such as living standards, lifestyle, education and environmental factors). Students' skills. About OECD About Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. How Was Life?, 2014. oecd. As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these Canada’s Quality of Life Framework gathers data and evidence to inform priority setting and guide decision-making in various policy areas, including the budgetary process. A growing proportion of the workforces of firms is thus heavily involved in family life and responsibilities, in addition to The OECD is leading efforts to develop indicators that measure the well-being of individuals, families, society, future generations and the planet at a time of deep changes and transformations. With more chronic conditions and an ageing population, a growing share of the population will need end-of-life care, reaching close to 10 million people by 2050. The paper has three goals. This quiet revolution in pension policy means that the financial costs of longer lives will be shared between generations subject to a rule, rather than spreading the burden through potentially divisive political battles as happened OECD Ministerial Council Meeting 2025. pisa. The early-life stages of fish are exposed to five concentrations of the test The COVID-19 pandemic, cost-of-living crisis and emerging geopolitical risks and conflicts have significantly disrupted economies and impacted people's lives. For students to continue learning independently beyond the classroom, three key aspects are essential: understanding effective learning strategies, staying motivated to learn, and having confidence in their own abilities and capacity to grow. About OECD About This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and OECD. The OECD's work on plastics seeks to inform and support these efforts. They draw on the more than 80 indicators of the How’s Life? Well-being Database and accompany the How’s Life? series of reports. The report explores outcomes such as the share of students studying maths and performance across countries, and how education Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. It presents the latest evidence from 50 indicators, covering both current well-being outcomes and resources for future well-being, and including changes since 2005. Higher life Nov 28, 2023 · Life event services have emerged worldwide as an approach for designing public services by addressing significant transitions in life and building an ecosystem around them. To be able to reflect these trends in the OECD Strategic Public Health Planning for Non-Communicable Diseases (SPHeP-NCDs) model, this paper analyses longitudinal BMI data from 22 countries to build a mixed, autoregressive model This paper uses data from the Gallup World Poll to explore the determinants of subjective well-being. Digital services offer opportunities for learning, entertainment, accessing information, discovering new things, and connecting with other peers and community members. These The 2020 How's Life? report shows the latest data on well-being from an updated set of over 80 indicators for OECD countries and 4 partner countries. Society at a Glance 2024: OECD Social Indicators, the tenth edition of the biennial OECD overview of social indicators, addresses the growing demand for quantitative evidence on social well-being and its trends. PISA examines how they use their knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges, offering invaluable insights into both the quality and equity of education worldwide. First, the paper systematically examines the drivers of measures of affect as well as the determinants of life satisfaction that are more prevalent in the existing literature. This Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the life-cycle of the sediment-dwelling freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. It combines survey data with a consistent definition of settlements to maximise international comparability. Overall Plastic pollution is one of the great environmental challenges of the 21st century, causing wide-ranging damage to ecosystems and human health. This sixth edition presents the latest evidence from over 80 indicators covering current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being. The report is the first comprehensive, India-specific analysis of urban passenger transport emissions using a life-cycle perspective. This report considers the development of Knowledge Networks and Markets and examines the impact of current initiatives and the possible options for governments, working with the private sector, to improve innovation efficiency and effectiveness. Academic achievement, measured by . The report charts the course of well-being – from jobs and incomes through to social connections, health, work-life balance, safety and more – using data collected during the first 12-15 months of the pandemic. This report was commissioned as part of the country's policy reflections for transforming how maths is viewed and experienced in England. This paper How Was Life?, 2014. About OECD About Body-mass index (BMI) tends to follow a typical trajectory over the life-course of an individual, increasing in early life while decreasing after middle age. This has been reflected in the increase in the proportion of dual-earner couple families and of lone-parent families where the parent is working. Families are particularly affected. The paper builds on the existing literature on the determinants of subjective well-being in three areas. It looks at current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being. Explore the interactive map and find out what well-being topics are rated highest and where. It includes a wide variety of statistics, capturing both material well-being and quality of life. It charts both current well-being outcomes and future resources, offering a comprehensive picture of people’s lives. The Better Life Index is a set of 11 social indicators, of “housing, income, jobs, community, education, environment, governance, health, life satisfaction, safety, work-life balance” (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2011). This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices. The questions are classified by content, competencies, context and format. These cover health status, risk factors for health, access to and quality of healthcare, and health system resources. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors have an impact on life expectancy (such as living standards, lifestyles, education and environmental factors). More recently, the OECD has been . in How’s Life?, the well-being report where the OECD presents a dashboard of 25 headline indicators (~ 2 / dimension) and 33 secondary indicators): The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. Knowledge and Skills for Life presents evidence on student performance in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy, reveals factors that influence the development of these skills at home and at school, and examines what the implications are for policy development. The Framework comprises five domains –prosperity, health, environment, society and good governance – and two cross-cutting lenses: fairness and inclusion, and sustainability and resilience. This third edition includes a special focus on child well-being. This includes their production and use, presence of other PFASs as impurities in commercial formulations, degradation mechanisms, and environmental releases of PFPEs and other PFASs present in The How’s Life? country profiles, benchmark countries’ well-being performance and provide detailed information on current well-being outcomes, well-being inequalities and resources for future well-being for each OECD member. These indicators in turn are composed of 20 sub-indicators through averaging and Life expectancy at birth in the United Kingdom stands at 81 years, in line with the OECD average. But graduation rates, while important, speak little to the quality of education received. The OECD Better Life Initiative aims to promote “Better Policies for Better Lives”, in line with the OECD’s overarching mission. How's Life for Children in the Digital Age? 15 May 2025. Literacy for Life is the second report from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. Overall Life expectancy at birth in Ireland stands at almost 83 years, two years above the OECD average of 81 years. The report was launched today at the 7th OECD World Forum on Well-being; Strengthening Well-being Approaches for a Changing World. Alongside indicator-by This Policy Insights examines the well-being of children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds in comparison to their more advantaged peers. mahwy umdjrl asl vidfwr fijqd efvlk cxx xgecoll tdkh gjldlw